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 WORLD-INFOSTRUCTURE > INDEPENDENT CONTENT
  1. The Concept of the Public Sphere
  2. The Role of the Media
  3. Media Control and the Influence of Public Discourse
  4. Content Choice and Selective Reporting
  5. The Cassini Case
  6. "Project Censored"
  7. Commercial vs. Independent Content
  8. Commercial vs. Independent Content: Human and Financial Resources
  9. Commercial vs. Independent Content: Power and Scope
  10. Association for Progressive Communication (APC)
  11. ZaMir.net
  12. Institute for Global Communications (IGC)
  13. FAIR (Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting)
  14. Znet
  15. B2-92
  16. FREEnet (The Network for Research, Education and Engineering)
  17. c2o (Community Communications Online)
  18. RTMark
  19. Selection of Independent Content Provider
  20. Pressures and Attacks against Independent Content Providers: Serbia
  21. Pressures and Attacks against Independent Content Providers: Pakistan
 INDEX CARD     RESEARCH MATRIX 
Fair use
Certain acts normally restricted by copyright may, in circumstances specified in the law, be done without the authorization of the copyright owner. Fair use may therefore be described as the privilege to use copyrighted material in a reasonable manner without the owner's consent and allows the reproduction and use of a work for limited purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, and research. To determine whether a use is fair or not most copyright laws consider: 1) purpose and character of the use, 2) nature of the copyrighted work, 3) amount and substantiality of the portion used, and 4) effect of the use on the potential market. Examples of activities that may be excused as fair use include: providing a quotation in a book review; distributing copies of a section of an article in class for educational purposes; and imitating a work for the purpose of parody or social commentary.