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Cultural Opposition |
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Corporate public relations and advertising are not only regularly criticized by intellectuals, scientists and writers, but also by cultural and artistic institutions and practitioners. Themselves using advertising and public relations approaches their products are artistic pieces and also caricature the advertising and public relations industry.
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Braille
Universally accepted system of writing used by and for blind persons and consisting of a code of 63 characters, each made up of one to six raised dots arranged in a six-position matrix or cell. These Braille characters are embossed in lines on paper and read by passing the fingers lightly over the manuscript. Louis Braille, who was blinded at the age of three, invented the system in 1824 while a student at the Institution Nationale des Jeunes Aveugles (National Institute for Blind Children), Paris.
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