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WORLD-INFOSTRUCTURE > CRYPTOGRAPHY > SO WHAT DOES CRYPTOGRAPHY MEAN?

So what does cryptography mean? cryptography: It is the study of encryption, the art/science to create and use codes and/or ciphers with the purpose of enciphering as well as deciphering. After a relatively vivid but slow development of cryptography for nearly 4.000 years the inventions of the telegraph, radio and computer had a high impact on the velocity of further inventions concerning encryption. Most of the time economic, political or military reasons lie behind the necessity of encryption. As visible from the timetable cryptography it is also done for private and individual interests. An extraordinary example for this is the Braille Code, developed as a possibility for blind people to read and write. A lot of very interesting and intelligent websites about cryptography can be found in the Internet.Some websites offering links to various cryptography-websites are: http://www.ciia.org/links.htm http://www.isse.gmu.edu/~njohnson/Security/stegres.htm http://www.hack.gr/users/dij/crypto/links.html http://www.achiever.com/freehmpg/cryptology/lessons.html http://www.iks-jena.de/mitarb/lutz/security/links.html http://world.std.com/~franl/crypto/ http://home.tu-clausthal.de/~inas/Links.html http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/crypto-security.html http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/xref/0,5716,5453,00.html http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rak/web_sites.html Further there exists a wide range of web-magazines/newsletters/mailing lists on cryptography, e.g.: Crypto-Gram Newsletter: http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram.html Journal of Computer Security: http://www.gocsi.com/m_form.htm Cypherpunks: http://www.inet-one.com/cypherpunks/ Stegano-L: http://www.thur.de/ulf/stegano/sub.html ZD Internet Magazine: http://www.zdnet.com/ browse Report: Cryptography     Abstract  ... -3   Timeline 1900-1970 AD -2   Timeline 1970-2000 AD -1   Cryptography's Terms and background 0   So what does cryptography mean? +1   some essential definitions +2   Key-Systems +3   Asymmetric or Public-Key-Cryptosystems      ... Epilogue  INDEX CARD     RESEARCH MATRIX  Technological measures As laid down in the proposed EU Directive on copyright and related rights in the information society technological measures mean "... any technology, device, or component that, in the normal course of its operations, is designed to prevent or inhibit the infringement of any copyright..." The U.S. DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) divides technological measures in two categories: 1) measures that prevent unauthorized access to a copyrighted work, and 2) measures that prevent unauthorized copying of a copyrighted work. Also the making or selling of devices or services that can be used to circumvent either category of technological measures is prohibited under certain circumstances in the DMCA. Furthermore the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty states that the "... contracting parties shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by authors..."