Actual Findings on Internet Advertising Although Web advertising becomes a significant portion of marketing budgets, advertisers are still unsure on how to unlock the potential of the Internet. Current findings show that: - Consumer brands spend only a fraction of their advertising budget on on-line advertising. - Technology companies spend five times more on advertising in the WWW. - While banner campaigns are still popular, there is no standardized solution for on-line advertising. - Ad pricing is based on CPM (costs per 1.000 visitors), rather than on results. - Personalized targeting has not yet taken hold. Instead advertisers mainly target on content. At the moment three dominant models are used for Internet advertising: Destination Sites: They use entertainment, high production values and information to pull users in and bring them back again. Micro Sites: Content sites or networks host small clusters of brand pages. Banner Campaigns: Those include other forms of Web advertising like sponsorships.

TEXTBLOCK 1/2 // URL: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611652/100438657982

Public Relations and Propaganda Public relations usually is associated with the influencing of public opinion. Therefore it has subsequently been linked with propaganda. Using one of the many definitions of propaganda "... the manipulation of symbols as a means of influencing attitudes on controversial matters" (Harold D. Lasswell), the terms propaganda and PR seem to be easily interchangeable. Still many authors explicitly distinguish between public relations, advertising and propaganda. Unlike PR, which is often described as objective and extensive information of the public, advertising and propaganda are associated with manipulative activities. Nevertheless to treat public relations and propaganda as equivalents stands in the tradition of PR. Edward L. Bernays, one of the founders of public relations wrote "The only difference between propaganda and education, really, is the point of view. The advocacy of what we believe in is education. The advocacy of what we don't believe is propaganda." Also institutions like the German Bundeswehr use the terms publics relations and propaganda synonymously. After a 1990 legislation of the former minister of defense Stoltenberg, the "psychological influence of the enemy" was ceased during peace time and the Academy for Psychological Defense renamed to Academy for Information and Communication, among other things responsible for scientific research in the field of public relations.

TEXTBLOCK 2/2 // URL: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611652/100438658084

National Science Foundation (NSF) Established in 1950, the National Science Foundation is an independent agency of the U.S. government dedicated to the funding in basic research and education in a wide range of sciences and in mathematics and engineering. Today, the NSF supplies about one quarter of total federal support of basic scientific research at academic institutions. http://www.nsf.gov For more detailed information see the Encyclopaedia Britannica: http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,2450+1+2440,00.html http://www.nsf.gov/

INDEXCARD, 1/2

Enigma Machine The Enigma Encryption Machine was famous for its insecurities as for the security that it gave to German ciphers. It was broken, first by the Poles in the 1930s, then by the British in World War II.

INDEXCARD, 2/2