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 WORLD-INFOSTRUCTURE > THE CONTENT INDUSTRY
  1. The Concept of the Public Sphere
  2. The Role of the Media
  3. Media Control and the Influence of Public Discourse
  4. Content Choice and Selective Reporting
  5. The Cassini Case
  6. "Project Censored"
  7. Commercial vs. Independent Content
  8. Commercial vs. Independent Content: Human and Financial Resources
  9. Commercial vs. Independent Content: Power and Scope
  10. Commercial Media and the Economic System
  11. Globalization of Media Power
  12. Centralization of the Content Industry
  13. Highlights on the Way to a Global Commercial Media Oligopoly: 1980s
  14. Highlights on the Way to a Global Commercial Media Oligopoly: 1990s
  15. The Big Five of Commercial Media
  16. AOL Time Warner
  17. Extract of AOL Time Warner’s Content Production and Distribution Holdings
  18. Disney
  19. Extract of Disney’s Content Production and Distribution Holdings
  20. Problems of Media Concentration
  21. Convergence
  22. Media Giants Online
  23. Commercial Content
  24. Content as Transport Medium for Values and Ideologies
  25. Digital Commercial Content
 INDEX CARD     RESEARCH MATRIX 
Expert system
Expert systems are advanced computer programs that mimic the knowledge and reasoning capabilities of an expert in a particular discipline. Their creators strive to clone the expertise of one or several human specialists to develop a tool that can be used by the layman to solve difficult or ambiguous problems. Expert systems differ from conventional computer programs as they combine facts with rules that state relations between the facts to achieve a crude form of reasoning analogous to artificial intelligence. The three main elements of expert systems are: (1) an interface which allows interaction between the system and the user, (2) a database (also called the knowledge base) which consists of axioms and rules, and (3) the inference engine, a computer program that executes the inference-making process. The disadvantage of rule-based expert systems is that they cannot handle unanticipated events, as every condition that may be encountered must be described by a rule. They also remain limited to narrow problem domains such as troubleshooting malfunctioning equipment or medical image interpretation, but still have the advantage of being much lower in costs compared with paying an expert or a team of specialists.