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Timeline BC |
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~ 1900 BC: Egyptian writers use non-standard  Hieroglyphs in inscriptions of a royal tomb; supposedly this is not the first but the first documented example of written cryptography
1500 an enciphered formula for the production of pottery is done in Mesopotamia
parts of the Hebrew writing of Jeremiah's words are written down in "atbash", which is nothing else than a reverse alphabet and one of the first famous methods of enciphering
4th century Aeneas Tacticus invents a form of beacons, by introducing a sort of water-clock
487 the Spartans introduce the so called "skytale" for sending short secret messages to and from the battle field
170 Polybius develops a system to convert letters into numerical characters, an invention called the Polybius Chequerboard.
50-60 Julius Caesar develops an enciphering method, later called the Caesar Cipher, shifting each letter of the alphabet an amount which is fixed before. Like atbash this is a monoalphabetic substitution.
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Virtual Private Networks
Virtual Private Networks provide secured connections to a corporate site over a public network as the Internet. Data transmitted through secure connections are encrypted and therefore have to be encrypted before they can be read.
These networks are called virtual because connections are provided only when you connect to a corporate site; they do not rely on dedicated lines and support mobile use.
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