World-Information.Org

The Copyright Industry

Copyright is not only about protecting the rights of creators, but has also become a major branch of industry with significant contributions to the global economy. According to the

International Intellectual Property Alliance the U.S. copyright industry has grown almost three times as fast as the economy as a whole for the past 20 years. In 1997, the

total copyright industries contributed an estimated US$ 529.3 billion to the U.S. economy with the

core copyright industries accounting for US$ 348.4 billion. Between 1977 and 1997, the absolute growth rate of value added to the U.S. GDP by the core copyright industries was 241 %. Also the copyright industry's foreign sales in 1997 (US$ 66.85 billion for the core copyright industries) were larger than the U.S. Commerce Department International Trade Administration's estimates of the exports of almost all other leading industry sectors. They exceeded even the combined automobile and automobile parts industries, as well as the agricultural sector.

In an age where knowledge and information become more and more important and with the advancement of new technologies, transmission systems and distribution channels a further increase in the production of

intellectual property is expected. Therefore as copyright establishes ownership in intellectual property it is increasingly seen as the key to wealth in the future.

TEXTBLOCK 1/3 // URL: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611725/100438658710

intellectual property may be put into place by copyright owners before distributing their works. Examples are:

Contracts

Contracts are a pre-infringement control method, which very often is underestimated. Properly formed contracts enable copyright holders to restrict the use of their works in excess of the rights granted under copyright laws.

Copy Protection

This approach was standard in the 1980s, but rejected by consumers and relatively easy to break. Still copy protection, whereby the vendor limits the number of times a file can be copied, is used in certain situations.

Limited Functionality

This method allows copyright owners to provide a copy of the work, which is functionally limited. Software creators, for example, can distribute software that cannot print or save. A fully functional version has to be bought from the vendor.

Date Bombs

Here the intellectual property holder distributes a fully functional copy but locks off access at a pre-specified date or after a certain number of uses.

TEXTBLOCK 2/3 // URL: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611725/100438659616

Like that car? The tricks of the data body industry

2. Like that car? The tricks of the data body industry

In the New Economy, data have become a primary resource. Businesses unable to respond to the pressure of informatisation are quickly left behind. "Information is everything" has become the war-cry of the New Economy. More than ever, business companies now collect data related to their customers, their competitors, economic indicators, etc., and compile them in

data warehouses. Large amounts of data acquired can be turned into a systematic collection called a

data warehouse through

data mining techniques. These data can be used for marketing, stock exchange transactions, risk assessment, and many other purposes.

However, there are also many companies that specialise in data body economics as the main line of business. They collect huge amount of data process and enhance them (thereby increasing the value of the data) and offer them on to other companies.

Direct marketing companies belong to this category.

Direct marketing companies carry out targeted marketing, also called strategic marketing, aimed at individual customers or groups of customers. This process is based on a consumer profile, a collection of data containing personal information such as age, sex, marital status, employment, address, and information about consumer and payment behaviour. Based upon this profile, conclusions regarding possible future consumption are drawn and offers are made.

For example, somebody who has been attracted by a car on display in an airport terminal and completes a card with name and address to participate in a draw reveals a lot of economically valuable information about him / herself. Apart from name and address, and other data that is completed on the card, this person also can be assumed to be a potential car buyer (evidently he / she wants a car) and to be relatively affluent (the poor do not normally travel by plane). The time when you complete the card also provides information: in July and August, you are more likely to be a holiday maker than in November. Possibly in small print somewhere on the ticket you complete you agree to receive more information about this and other products, and you agree also that your data are "electronically processed". The data acquired this way can normally be expected to be much more valuable than the car the is offered in the draw. Most people who completed the cards will not win in the draw, but instead end up on directs marketing data warehouses and one day receive offers of products and services which they never knew they wanted.

TEXTBLOCK 3/3 // URL: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611761/100438659665

Amazon.Com

Amazon.Com was one of the first online bookstores. With thousands of books, CDs and videos ordered via the Internet every year, Amazon.Com probably is the most successful Internet bookstore.

INDEXCARD, 1/3

Technological measures

As laid down in the proposed EU Directive on copyright and related

rights in the information society technological measures mean "... any technology, device, or component that, in the normal course of its operations, is designed to prevent or inhibit the infringement of any copyright..." The U.S.

DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) divides technological measures in two categories: 1) measures that prevent unauthorized access to a copyrighted work, and 2) measures that prevent unauthorized copying of a copyrighted work. Also the making or selling of devices or services that can be used to circumvent either category of technological measures is prohibited under certain circumstances in the DMCA. Furthermore the

1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty states that the "... contracting parties shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by authors..."

INDEXCARD, 2/3

IIPA

The International

Intellectual Property Alliance formed in 1984 is a private sector coalition and represents the U.S. copyright-based industries. It is comprised of seven trade associations: Association of American Publishers, AFMA, Business Software Alliance, Interactive Digital Software Association, Motion Picture Association of America, National Music Publishers' Association and Recording Industry Association of America. IIPA and its member's track copyright legislative and enforcement developments in over 80 countries and aim at a legal and enforcement regime for copyright that deters piracy. On a national level IIPA cooperates with the U.S. Trade Representative and on the multilateral level has been involved in the development of the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) agreement of the WTO (World Trade Organization) and also participates in the copyright discussion of the

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization).

INDEXCARD, 3/3