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  Report: Echelon

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 WORLD-INFOSTRUCTURE > ECHELON > ECHELON UKUSA SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE ...
  ECHELON UKUSA Signals Intelligence Agreement Partners


Partner

Agency

Target

Treaty

USA

NSA - CIA, USAF, NSG

Latin America, most of Asia, Russia and Northern China

BRUSA agreement 1943

UK

GCHQ

Soviet Union west of Urals, Africa

BRUSA agreement 1943

AUSTRALIA

DSD

Neighbour countries , southern China, nations of Indochina

UKUSA Alliance since 1948

CANADA

CSE

Polar regions of Russia

UKUSA Alliance since 1948,

CANUS agreement 1950

NEW ZEALAND

GCSB

Western Pacific

UKUSA Alliance since 1948






browse Report:
Echelon
-4   ECHELON Facts
-3   ECHELON Introduction
-2   ECHELON UKUSA Alliance
-1   ECHELON Timeline
0   ECHELON UKUSA Signals Intelligence Agreement Partners
+1   ECHELON Other involved countries
+2   ECHELON Interception Targets
+3   ECHELON Main Stations
     ...
ECHELON and COMSAT
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Expert system
Expert systems are advanced computer programs that mimic the knowledge and reasoning capabilities of an expert in a particular discipline. Their creators strive to clone the expertise of one or several human specialists to develop a tool that can be used by the layman to solve difficult or ambiguous problems. Expert systems differ from conventional computer programs as they combine facts with rules that state relations between the facts to achieve a crude form of reasoning analogous to artificial intelligence. The three main elements of expert systems are: (1) an interface which allows interaction between the system and the user, (2) a database (also called the knowledge base) which consists of axioms and rules, and (3) the inference engine, a computer program that executes the inference-making process. The disadvantage of rule-based expert systems is that they cannot handle unanticipated events, as every condition that may be encountered must be described by a rule. They also remain limited to narrow problem domains such as troubleshooting malfunctioning equipment or medical image interpretation, but still have the advantage of being much lower in costs compared with paying an expert or a team of specialists.