ECHELON Main Stations Location Country Target/Task Relations MORWENSTOW UK INTELSAT, Atlantic, Europe, Indian Ocean NSA, GCHQ SUGAR GROVE USA INTELSAT, Atlantic, North and South America NSA YAKIMA FIRING CENTER USA INTELSAT, Pacific NSA WAIHOPAI NEW ZEALAND INTELSAT, Pacific NSA, GCSB GERALDTON AUSTRALIA INTELSAT, Pacific NSA, DSD MENWITH HILL UK Sat, Groundstation, Microwave(land based) NSA, GCHQ SHOAL BAY AUSTRALIA Indonesian Sat NSA, DSD LEITRIM CANADA Latin American Sat NSA, CSE BAD AIBLING GERMANY Sat, Groundstation NSA MISAWA JAPAN Sat NSA PINE GAP AUSTRALIA Groundstation CIA FORT MEADE USA Dictionary Processing NSA Headquarters WASHINGTON USA Dictionary Processing NSA OTTAWA CANADA Dictionary Processing CSE CHELTENHAM UK Dictionary Processing GCHQ CANBERRA AUSTRALIA Dictionary Processing DSD WELLINGTON NEW ZEALAND Dictionary Processing GCSB Headquarters

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Legal Protection: WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) Presumably the major player in the field of international intellectual property protection and administrator of various multilateral treaties dealing with the legal and administrative aspects of intellectual property is the WIPO. Information on WIPO administered agreements in the field of industrial property (Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883), Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (1891) etc.) can be found on: http://www.wipo.org/eng/general/index3.htm Information on treaties concerning copyright and neighboring rights (Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886) etc.) is published on: http://www.wipo.org/eng/general/index5.htm The most recent multilateral agreement on copyright is the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty. Among other things it provides that computer programs are protected as literary works and also introduces the protection of databases, which "... by reason of the selection or arrangement of their content constitute intellectual creations." Furthermore the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty contains provisions concerning technological measures, rights management information and establishes a new "right of communication to the public". It is available on: http://www.wipo.org/eng/diplconf/distrib/treaty01.htm

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Extranet An Extranet is an Intranet with limited and controlled access by authenticated outside users, a business-to-business Intranet, e.g.

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GCHQ GCHQ is the British Government Communication Headquarters, which is in fact an electronic monitoring centre which intercepts communications using spy satellites, listening devices and code-cracking equipment. The 1994 Intelligence Services Act defines GCHQ's role in the post Cold War world. National security, economic well-being and the prevention and detection of serious crime are its headline interests. It routinely gathers information on drug-dealing, terrorism, and the movement of arms and key resources such as oil, but is also said to be heavily involved in ECHELON. GCHG praises itself to use and design high end technology such as Cray systems, Tandem based storage and high-end workstations, as well as software for Signals Analysis, Complex Data Manipulation, Translation and Transcription. http://www.gchq.gov.uk/ http://www.gchq.gov.uk/

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