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1970s: Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) |
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Since the 1970s there had been a growing trend towards the use of computer programs in manufacturing companies. Especially functions related to design and production, but also business functions should be facilitated through the use of computers.
Accordingly the CAD/CAM technology, related to the use of computer systems for design and production, was developed. CAD (computer-aided design) was created to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of design. CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) was designed to help with the planning, control, and management of production operations. CAD/CAM technology, since the 1970s, has been applied in many industries, including machined components, electronics products, equipment design and fabrication for chemical processing.
To enable a more comprehensive use of computers in firms the  CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) technology, which also includes applications concerning the business functions of companies, was created. CIM systems can handle order entry, cost accounting, customer billing and employee time records and payroll. The scope of CIM technology includes all activities that are concerned with production. Therefore in many ways CIM represents the highest level of automation in manufacturing.
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First typewriter patent, 1713
In 1714 Henry Mill got granted a patent for his idea of an "artificial machine or method" for forgery-proof writing, but not before 1808 the first typewriter proven to have worked, was built by Pellegrino Turri for his visually impaired friend, the Countess Carolina Fantoni da Fivizzono. In 1873 commercial production of typewriters began.
For a brief history of typewriters see Richard Polt, The Classic Typewriter Page,  http://xavier.xu.edu/~polt/typewriters.html
 http://xavier.xu.edu/~polt/typewriters.html
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