Actual Findings on Internet Advertising

Although Web advertising becomes a significant portion of marketing budgets, advertisers are still unsure on how to unlock the potential of the Internet. Current findings show that:

- Consumer brands spend only a fraction of their advertising budget on on-line advertising.

- Technology companies spend five times more on advertising in the WWW.

- While banner campaigns are still popular, there is no standardized solution for on-line advertising.

- Ad pricing is based on CPM (costs per 1.000 visitors), rather than on results.

- Personalized targeting has not yet taken hold. Instead advertisers mainly target on content.

At the moment three dominant models are used for Internet advertising:

Destination Sites: They use entertainment, high production values and information to pull users in and bring them back again.

Micro Sites: Content sites or networks host small clusters of brand pages.

Banner Campaigns: Those include other forms of Web advertising like sponsorships.

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1970s: Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)

Since the 1970s there had been a growing trend towards the use of computer programs in manufacturing companies. Especially functions related to design and production, but also business functions should be facilitated through the use of computers.

Accordingly the CAD/CAM technology, related to the use of computer systems for design and production, was developed. CAD (computer-aided design) was created to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of design. CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) was designed to help with the planning, control, and management of production operations. CAD/CAM technology, since the 1970s, has been applied in many industries, including machined components, electronics products, equipment design and fabrication for chemical processing.

To enable a more comprehensive use of computers in firms the CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) technology, which also includes applications concerning the business functions of companies, was created. CIM systems can handle order entry, cost accounting, customer billing and employee time records and payroll. The scope of CIM technology includes all activities that are concerned with production. Therefore in many ways CIM represents the highest level of automation in manufacturing.

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Public Relations and the Advertising Industry

The public relations industry, the same as advertising, is concentrated in the hands of few dominant firms. Still, the striking element about corporate public relations is that PR firms are tightly related to advertising companies. Nine out of the ten biggest international PR agencies have close ties with the advertising industry. Also, looking at the largest acquisitions involving U.S. PR firms from 1997 to 1999 it is apparent that money coming from advertising agencies has played an important role.


Table: Top 10 PR Firms 1998

Rank 1998

 PR Firm

 Advertising Agency Related

 1998 Net Fees (in U.S. $)

 1997 - 1998 % Change
1

 Burson-Marsteller

 yes

 258,417,000

 4.2
2

 Hill and Knowlton

 yes

 206,000,000

 8.9
3

 Porter Novelli Int.

 yes

 183,050,000

 23.6
4

 Shandwick

 yes

 170,300,000

 7.3
5

 Fleishman-Hillard

 yes

 160,692,000

 19.1.
6

 Edelman PR Worldwide

 no

 157,840,530

 18.1
7

 Ketchum

 yes

 125,248,000

 29.6
8

 BSMG Worldwide

 yes

 118,963,000

 93.0
9

 Weber PR Worldwide

 yes

 83,166,000

 36.2
10

 GCI/APCO

 yes

 79,667,957

 28.4



With many PR agencies sold to advertising companies, the advertising industry's influence further increases; enabling them to offer their clients not only advertising services, but also know-how in marketing, public opinion, crisis and issues management and political lobbying.

Table: Acquisition of PR Agencies (1997 - 1999)

Acquired Company

 Buyer

 Buyers Industry

 Estimated Purchase Price (in millions of U.S. $)
International PR

 Interpublic Group of Cos.

 Advertising

 230
Fleishman-Hillard

 Omicom Group

 Advertising

 85
Ketchum

 Omnicom Group

 Advertising

 60
Dewe Rogerson

 Incepta

 Advertising

 40
Financial Rel. Bd.

 BSMG/TN

 Public Relations

 33
Weber PR

 Interpublic Group of Cos.

 Advertising

 15
Alexander

 WPP Group

 Advertising

 15
Charles Barker

 BSMG/TN

 Public Relations

 15


Source: Odwyerpr.com.

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Adi Shamir

Adi Shamir was one of three persons in a team to invent the RSA public-key cryptosystem. The other two authors were Ron Rivest and Leonard M. Adleman.

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Mass production

The term mass production refers to the application of the principles of specialization, division of labor, and standardization of parts to the manufacture of goods. The use of modern methods of mass production has brought such improvements in the cost, quality, quantity, and variety of goods available that the largest global population in history is now sustained at the highest general standard of living. A moving conveyor belt installed in a Dearborn, Michigan, automobile plant in 1913 cut the time required to produce flywheel magnetos from 18 minutes to 5 and was the first instance of the use of modern integrated mass production techniques.

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International Standardization Organization

ISO (International Organization for Standardization), founded in 1946, is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from some 100 countries, one from each country. Among the standards it fosters is Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), a universal reference model for communication protocols. Many countries have national standards organizations that participate in and contribute to ISO standards making.

http://www.iso.ch

Source: Whatis.com

http://www.iso.ch/
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