* Ultra-sound generators, which cause disorientation, vomiting and involuntary defecation, disturbing the ear system which controls balance and inducing nausea. The system, which uses two speakers, can target individuals in a crowd.
* Visual stimulus and illusion techniques such as high intensity strobes, which pulse in the critical epileptic fit inducing flashing frequency and holograms used to project active camouflage.
* Reduced energy kinetic weapons. Variants on the bean bag philosophy which ostensibly will result in no damage (similar claims were once made about plastic bullets).
* New disabling, calmative, sleep inducing agents mixed with DMSO which enables the agent to quickly cross the skin barrier and an extensive range of pain causing, paralysing and foul-smelling area-denial chemicals. Some of these are chemically engineered variants of the heroin molecule. They work extremely rapidly, one touch and disablement follows. Yet one person's tranquillisation may be another's lethal dose.
* Microwave and acoustic disabling systems.
* Human capture nets which can be laced with chemical irritant or electrified to pack an extra disabling punch.
* Lick 'em and stick 'em technology such as the Sandia National Laboratory's foam gun which expands to between 35-50 times its original volume. Its extremely sticky, gluing together any target's feet and hands to the pavement.
* Aqueous barrier foam which can be laced with pepper spray.
* Blinding laser weapons and Isotropic radiator shells which use superheated gaseous plasma to produce a dazzling burst of laser like light.
* Thermal guns which incapacitate through a wall by raising body temperature to 107 degrees.
* Magnetosphere gun which delivers what feels like a blow to the head.