The Egyptians ...

Besides ordinary religious manipulation-tools the Egyptians were masters of using architecture for propaganda. In Egypt, most of all, architecture was used as a media to demonstrated power, whereas the Greek and Romans used other types of art, like statues, for political propaganda.
The pyramids, palaces, tombs became tools for power demonstrations. Paintings and carvings (like on obelisks) proved the might of the rulers.
All those signs of power were done to make people compare their ruling dynasty to gods and keep them politically silent, because religion was used for justifying mortal power. Marble, gold, jewelry and artists were the tools for those maneuvers. Whereas questions for the truth were not even asked or listened to.
Finally it was the masses who were used for propaganda, when they were not only forced to work as slaves on those signs of power but also were abused for those power demonstrations, when they had to accompany the dead king into his tomb - dying of hunger, thirst, lack of oxygen and in darkness. The more religious disinformation the more luxury. The more luxury the better. The more luxury the more power.

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Basics: Rights Recognized

Copyright protection generally means that certain uses of a work are lawful only if they are done with the authorization of the owner of the copyright. The most typical are the following:

- copying or reproducing a work
- performing a work in public
- making a sound recording of a work
- making a motion picture of a work
- broadcasting a work
- translating a work
- adapting a work

Under certain national laws, some of these rights, which are referred to, as "economic rights'" are not exclusive rights of authorization but in specific cases, merely rights to remuneration. Some strictly determined uses (for example quotations or the use of works by way of illustration for teaching) are completely free, that is, they require neither authorization of, nor remuneration for, the owner of the copyright. This practice is described as fair use.

In addition to economic rights, authors enjoy "moral rights" on the basis of which they have the right to claim their authorship and require that their names be indicated on the copies of the work and in connection with other uses thereof. They also have the right to oppose the mutilation or deformation of their creations.

The owner of a copyright may usually transfer his right or may license certain uses of his work. Moral rights are generally inalienable and remain with the creator even after he has transferred his economic rights, although the author may waive their exercise.

Furthermore there exist rights related to copyright that are referred to as "neighboring rights". In general there are three kinds of neighboring rights: 1) the rights of performing artists in their performances, 2) the rights of producers of phonograms in their phonograms, and 3) the rights of broadcasting organizations in their radio and television programs. Neighboring rights attempt to protect those who assist intellectual creators to communicate their message and to disseminate their works to the public at large.

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Media Giants Online

The following selection does not claim to present an exhaustive listing, but rather picks some of the company's most important assets. Due to the rapid developments in the world of media giants the list is also subject to changes.

Broadcasting

ABC TV Network with 223 affiliated TV stations covering the entire U.S.

ABC Radio Network, with 2,900 affiliated stations throughout the U.S.

Owner of 9 VHF TV stations

Owner of 11 AM and 10 FM stations

Cable TV Systems and Channels/Networks

Disney Channel

80 % of ESPN cable TV channel and ESPN International

50 % of Lifetime cable TV channel

Internet/Interactive

Disney Interactive - entertainment and educational computer software and video games, plus development of content for on-line services.

Partnership with 3 phone companies to provide video programming and interactive services.

ABC Online

TV Production, Movies, Video, Music

Disney Television Production studios and Walt Disney Pictures movie studio

Buena Vista Television production company

Buena Vista Home Video

Miramax and Touchstone movie production companies

Buena Vista Pictures Distribution and Buena Vista International, distributors for Disney and Touchstone movies

Walt Disney Records, and Hollywood Records

Publishing

6 daily newspapers

About 40 weekly magazines, including: Discover, Women's Wear Daily, Los Angeles and Institutional Investor.

Chilton Publications

Guilford Publishing Co.

Hitchcock Publishing Co.

Theme Parks, Resorts, and Travel

Disneyland

Disney World and Disney World Resort

Part owner of Disneyland-Paris and Tokyo Disneyland

12 resort hotels

Disney Vacation Club

Cruise Lines

International TV, Film, and Broadcasting

50 % owner of Tele-München Fernseh GmbH & Co.

50 % owner of RTL Disney Fernseh GmbH & Co.

23 % owner of RTL 2 Fernseh GmbH & Co.

37,5 % owner of TM3 Fernseh GmbH & Co.

20-33 % stake in Eurosport network, Spanish Tesauro SA TV company, and Scandinavian Broadcasting System SA

20 % owner of TVA

Other

Over 500 Disney Stores, and licensing of Disney products

The Mighty Ducks professional hockey team

25 % ownership of California Angels major league baseball team

Business Connections with Other Media Companies

Joint ventures, equity interests, or major arrangements with Bertelsmann, TCI, Hearst Corp., Kirch, and various other media and telephone companies.

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Federal Networking Council

Being an organization established in the name of the US government, the Federal Networking Council (FNC) acts as a forum for networking collaborations among Federal agencies to meet their research, education, and operational mission goals and to bridge the gap between the advanced networking technologies being developed by research FNC agencies and the ultimate acquisition of mature version of these technologies from the commercial sector.

Its members are representatives of agencies as the National Security Agency, the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, e.g.

http://www.fnc.gov

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Internet Research Task Force

Being itself under the umbrella of the Internet Society, the Internet Research Task Force is an umbrella organization of small research groups working on topics related to Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology. It is governed by the Internet Research Steering Group.

http://www.irtf.org

http://www.irtf.org/
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General Electric

GE is a major American corporation and one of the largest and most diversified corporations in the world. Its products include electrical and electronic equipment, plastics, aircraft engines, medical imaging equipment, and financial services. The company was incorporated in 1892, and in 1986 GE purchased the RCA Corporation including the RCA-owned television network, the National Broadcasting Company, Inc. In 1987, however, GE sold RCA's consumer electronics division to Thomson SA, a state-owned French firm, and purchased Thomson's medical technology division. In 1989 GE agreed to combine its European business interests in appliances, medical systems, electrical distribution, and power systems with the unrelated British corporation General Electric Company. Headquarters are in Fairfield, Conn., U.S.

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Division of labor

The term refers to the separation of a work process into a number of tasks, with each task performed by a separate person or group of persons. It is most often applied to mass production systems, where it is one of the basic organizing principles of the assembly line. Breaking down work into simple, repetitive tasks eliminates unnecessary motion and limits the handling of tools and parts. The consequent reduction in production time and the ability to replace craftsmen with lower-paid, unskilled workers result in lower production costs and a less expensive final product. The Scottish economist Adam Smith saw in this splitting of tasks a key to economic progress by providing a cheaper and more efficient means of producing economic goods.

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