Introduction: The Substitution of Human Faculties with Technology: Computers and Robots

With the development of modern computing, starting in the 1940s, the substitution of human abilities with technology obtained a new dimension. The focus shifted from the replacement of pure physical power to the substitution of mental faculties. Following the early 1980s personal computers started to attain widespread use in offices and quickly became indispensable tools for office workers. The development of powerful computers combined with progresses in artificial intelligence research also led to the construction of sophisticated robots, which enabled a further rationalization of manufacturing processes.

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Media Giants Online

The following selection does not claim to present an exhaustive listing, but rather picks some of the company's most important assets. Due to the rapid developments in the world of media giants the list is also subject to changes.

Broadcasting

ABC TV Network with 223 affiliated TV stations covering the entire U.S.

ABC Radio Network, with 2,900 affiliated stations throughout the U.S.

Owner of 9 VHF TV stations

Owner of 11 AM and 10 FM stations

Cable TV Systems and Channels/Networks

Disney Channel

80 % of ESPN cable TV channel and ESPN International

50 % of Lifetime cable TV channel

Internet/Interactive

Disney Interactive - entertainment and educational computer software and video games, plus development of content for on-line services.

Partnership with 3 phone companies to provide video programming and interactive services.

ABC Online

TV Production, Movies, Video, Music

Disney Television Production studios and Walt Disney Pictures movie studio

Buena Vista Television production company

Buena Vista Home Video

Miramax and Touchstone movie production companies

Buena Vista Pictures Distribution and Buena Vista International, distributors for Disney and Touchstone movies

Walt Disney Records, and Hollywood Records

Publishing

6 daily newspapers

About 40 weekly magazines, including: Discover, Women's Wear Daily, Los Angeles and Institutional Investor.

Chilton Publications

Guilford Publishing Co.

Hitchcock Publishing Co.

Theme Parks, Resorts, and Travel

Disneyland

Disney World and Disney World Resort

Part owner of Disneyland-Paris and Tokyo Disneyland

12 resort hotels

Disney Vacation Club

Cruise Lines

International TV, Film, and Broadcasting

50 % owner of Tele-München Fernseh GmbH & Co.

50 % owner of RTL Disney Fernseh GmbH & Co.

23 % owner of RTL 2 Fernseh GmbH & Co.

37,5 % owner of TM3 Fernseh GmbH & Co.

20-33 % stake in Eurosport network, Spanish Tesauro SA TV company, and Scandinavian Broadcasting System SA

20 % owner of TVA

Other

Over 500 Disney Stores, and licensing of Disney products

The Mighty Ducks professional hockey team

25 % ownership of California Angels major league baseball team

Business Connections with Other Media Companies

Joint ventures, equity interests, or major arrangements with Bertelsmann, TCI, Hearst Corp., Kirch, and various other media and telephone companies.

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Virtual Marylin Monroe

This is the story of the virtual Marylyn Monroe created by MRALab in Switzerland. The biography features her personal and professional stories. This being the biography of a virtual being, it does not end with the present and includes, instead, a chapter on her destiny.

http://www.miralab.unige.ch/MARILYN/VIRTUAL/virtual.html

http://www.miralab.unige.ch/MARILYN/VIRTUAL/v...
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Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA)

DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) is the independent research branch of the U.S. Department of Defense that, among its other accomplishments, funded a project that in time was to lead to the creation of the Internet. Originally called ARPA (the "D" was added to its name later), DARPA came into being in 1958 as a reaction to the success of Sputnik, Russia's first manned satellite. DARPA's explicit mission was (and still is) to think independently of the rest of the military and to respond quickly and innovatively to national defense challenges.

In the late 1960s, DARPA provided funds and oversight for a project aimed at interconnecting computers at four university research sites. By 1972, this initial network, now called the ARPAnet, had grown to 37 computers. ARPANet and the technologies that went into it, including the evolving Internet Protocol (IP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), led to the Internet that we know today.

http://www.darpa.mil

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