So what does cryptography mean?

cryptography:
It is the study of encryption, the art/science to create and use codes and/or ciphers with the purpose of enciphering as well as deciphering.
After a relatively vivid but slow development of cryptography for nearly 4.000 years the inventions of the telegraph, radio and computer had a high impact on the velocity of further inventions concerning encryption.
Most of the time economic, political or military reasons lie behind the necessity of encryption. As visible from the timetable cryptography it is also done for private and individual interests. An extraordinary example for this is the Braille Code, developed as a possibility for blind people to read and write.
A lot of very interesting and intelligent websites about cryptography can be found in the Internet.Some websites offering links to various cryptography-websites are:
http://www.ciia.org/links.htm
http://www.isse.gmu.edu/~njohnson/Security/stegres.htm
http://www.hack.gr/users/dij/crypto/links.html
http://www.achiever.com/freehmpg/cryptology/lessons.html
http://www.iks-jena.de/mitarb/lutz/security/links.html
http://world.std.com/~franl/crypto/
http://home.tu-clausthal.de/~inas/Links.html
http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/crypto-security.html
http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/xref/0,5716,5453,00.html
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rak/web_sites.html

Further there exists a wide range of web-magazines/newsletters/mailing lists on cryptography, e.g.:
Crypto-Gram Newsletter: http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram.html
Journal of Computer Security: http://www.gocsi.com/m_form.htm
Cypherpunks: http://www.inet-one.com/cypherpunks/
Stegano-L: http://www.thur.de/ulf/stegano/sub.html
ZD Internet Magazine: http://www.zdnet.com/

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MIT

The MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) is a privately controlled coeducational institution of higher learning famous for its scientific and technological training and research. It was chartered by the state of Massachusetts in 1861 and became a land-grant college in 1863. During the 1930s and 1940s the institute evolved from a well-regarded technical school into an internationally known center for scientific and technical research. In the days of the Great Depression, its faculty established prominent research centers in a number of fields, most notably analog computing (led by Vannevar Bush) and aeronautics (led by Charles Stark Draper). During World War II, MIT administered the Radiation Laboratory, which became the nation's leading center for radar research and development, as well as other military laboratories. After the war, MIT continued to maintain strong ties with military and corporate patrons, who supported basic and applied research in the physical sciences, computing, aerospace, and engineering. MIT has numerous research centers and laboratories. Among its facilities are a nuclear reactor, a computation center, geophysical and astrophysical observatories, a linear accelerator, a space research center, supersonic wind tunnels, an artificial intelligence laboratory, a center for cognitive science, and an international studies center. MIT's library system is extensive and includes a number of specialized libraries; there are also several museums.

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