Public Relations and the Advertising Industry

The public relations industry, the same as advertising, is concentrated in the hands of few dominant firms. Still, the striking element about corporate public relations is that PR firms are tightly related to advertising companies. Nine out of the ten biggest international PR agencies have close ties with the advertising industry. Also, looking at the largest acquisitions involving U.S. PR firms from 1997 to 1999 it is apparent that money coming from advertising agencies has played an important role.


Table: Top 10 PR Firms 1998

Rank 1998

 PR Firm

 Advertising Agency Related

 1998 Net Fees (in U.S. $)

 1997 - 1998 % Change
1

 Burson-Marsteller

 yes

 258,417,000

 4.2
2

 Hill and Knowlton

 yes

 206,000,000

 8.9
3

 Porter Novelli Int.

 yes

 183,050,000

 23.6
4

 Shandwick

 yes

 170,300,000

 7.3
5

 Fleishman-Hillard

 yes

 160,692,000

 19.1.
6

 Edelman PR Worldwide

 no

 157,840,530

 18.1
7

 Ketchum

 yes

 125,248,000

 29.6
8

 BSMG Worldwide

 yes

 118,963,000

 93.0
9

 Weber PR Worldwide

 yes

 83,166,000

 36.2
10

 GCI/APCO

 yes

 79,667,957

 28.4



With many PR agencies sold to advertising companies, the advertising industry's influence further increases; enabling them to offer their clients not only advertising services, but also know-how in marketing, public opinion, crisis and issues management and political lobbying.

Table: Acquisition of PR Agencies (1997 - 1999)

Acquired Company

 Buyer

 Buyers Industry

 Estimated Purchase Price (in millions of U.S. $)
International PR

 Interpublic Group of Cos.

 Advertising

 230
Fleishman-Hillard

 Omicom Group

 Advertising

 85
Ketchum

 Omnicom Group

 Advertising

 60
Dewe Rogerson

 Incepta

 Advertising

 40
Financial Rel. Bd.

 BSMG/TN

 Public Relations

 33
Weber PR

 Interpublic Group of Cos.

 Advertising

 15
Alexander

 WPP Group

 Advertising

 15
Charles Barker

 BSMG/TN

 Public Relations

 15


Source: Odwyerpr.com.

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Basics: Introduction

Copyright law is a branch of intellectual property law and deals with the rights of intellectual creators in their works. The scope of copyright protection as laid down in Article 2 of the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty "... extends to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such." Copyright law protects the creativity concerning the choice and arrangement of words, colors, musical notes etc. It grants the creators of certain specified works exclusive rights relating to the "copying" and use of their original creation.


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Braille

Universally accepted system of writing used by and for blind persons and consisting of a code of 63 characters, each made up of one to six raised dots arranged in a six-position matrix or cell. These Braille characters are embossed in lines on paper and read by passing the fingers lightly over the manuscript. Louis Braille, who was blinded at the age of three, invented the system in 1824 while a student at the Institution Nationale des Jeunes Aveugles (National Institute for Blind Children), Paris.

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Codices, 1th century B.C.

The transformation of writings from scrolls to codices, in basic the hardcover book as we know it today, is an essential event in European history. Quoting accurately by page number, browsing through pages and skipping chapters, all impossible while reading scrolls, become possible.

In the computer age we are witnesses to a kind of revival of the scrolls as we scroll upwards and downwards a document we just see a portion of. Maybe the introduction of hypertext is the beginning of a similar change as the replacement of scrolls by codices.

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