History: Communist Tradition

Following the communist revolutions of the 20th century all "means of production" became the property of the state as representative of "the masses". Private property ceased to exist. While moral rights of the creator were recognized and economic rights acknowledged with a one-time cash award, all subsequent rights reverted to the state.

With the transformation of many communist countries to a market system most of them have now introduced laws establishing markets in intellectual property rights. Still the high rate of piracy reflects a certain lack of legal tradition.

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Framing

Framing is the practice of creating a frame or window within a web page where the content of a different web page can be display. Usually when a link is clicked on, the new web page is presented with the reminders of the originating page.

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Leni Riefenstahl

Leni Riefenstahl (* 1902) began her career as a dancer and actress. Parallel she learnt how to work with a camera, turning out to be one of the most talented directors and cutters of her time - and one of the only female ones. Adolf Hitler appointed her the top film executive of the Nazi Party. Her two most famous works were done in that period, Triumph of the Will (1935) and the two films about the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936. Later, when she tried to get rid of her image as a NAZI-movie maker, she worked as a photographer in Africa, making pictures of indigenous people and under-water landscape.

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