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Examples of Mainly Corporate Funded Think Tanks: Cato Institute

Founded in 1977 the Cato Institutes 1998 budget made up US$ 11 million. Its funding consists of corporate and private donations (especially from corporations and executives in the highly regulated industries of financial services, telecommunications and pharmaceuticals industries) and sales of publications.

Catos corporate donors include tobacco firms:

Philip Morris (

Rupert Murdoch sits on Philip Morris board of directors) and

R.J. Reynolds. Financial firms:

American Express,

Chase Manhattan Bank,

Chemical Bank,

Citicorp/Citibank, Commonwealth Fund, Prudential Securities and

Salomon Brothers. Energy conglomerates:

Chevron Companies,

Exxon Company,

Shell Oil Company and Tenneco Gas, as well as the

American Petroleum Institute,

Amoco Foundation and

Atlantic Richfield Foundation. Furthermore the Cato Institute is funded by pharmaceutical firms:

Eli Lilly & Company,

Merck & Company and

Pfizer, Inc., foundations, like Koch, Lambe and Sarah Scaife and companies from the telecommunications sector: Bell Atlantic Network Services, BellSouth Corporation,

Microsoft, NYNEX Corporation,

Sun Microsystems and

Viacom.

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Division of labor

The term refers to the separation of a work process into a number of tasks, with each task performed by a separate person or group of persons. It is most often applied to

mass production systems, where it is one of the basic organizing principles of the

assembly line. Breaking down work into simple, repetitive tasks eliminates unnecessary motion and limits the handling of tools and parts. The consequent reduction in production time and the ability to replace craftsmen with lower-paid, unskilled workers result in lower production costs and a less expensive final product. The Scottish economist Adam Smith saw in this splitting of tasks a key to economic progress by providing a cheaper and more efficient means of producing economic goods.

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