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Corporate Money and Politics

The fact that corporate money is seeking to influence public policy is nothing unusual. From the different ways of how private money helps to shape politics the first, and most familiar is direct campaign contributions to political candidates and parties, which is especially widespread in the United States. While the second great river of money goes to underwrite lobbying apparatus in diverse state capitals, the third form of attempts to influence public policy making is less well-known, but nearly as wide and deep as the two others - it is money which underwrites a vast network of public policy think tanks and advocacy groups. Although tried to be labeled in another way, unmistakably, these donations are naked attempts by corporations and other donors, to influence the political process.

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Examples of Mainly Corporate Funded Think Tanks: Manhattan Institute

The Manhattan Institute, founded by

William Casey, who later became President Reagan's

CIA director, besides subsidies from a number of large conservative foundations has gained funding from such corporate sources as: The

Chase Manhattan Bank,

Citicorp,

Time Warner,

Procter & Gamble and

State Farm Insurance, as well as the Lilly Endowment and philantropic arms of

American Express,

Bristol-Myers Squibb,

CIGNA and

Merrill Lynch. Boosted by major firms, the Manhattan Institute budget reached US$ 5 million a year by the early 1990s.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washington on 4 April 1949, creating NATO (= North Atlantic Treaty Organization). It was an alliance of 12 independent nations, originally committed to each other's defense. Between 1952 and 1982 four more members were welcomed and in 1999, the first ex-members of

COMECON became members of NATO (the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland), which makes 19 members now. Around its 50^th anniversary NATO changed its goals and tasks by intervening in the Kosovo Crisis.

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cryptology

also called "the study of code". It includes both, cryptography and cryptoanalysis

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