PR Firms and their Mission Looking at how public relations practitioners advertise their services, they do not primarily seem to be followers of the "social engineering" approach. Burson-Marsteller, the worlds leading PR agency, for example sells itself as a specialist in "... public affairs, government relations, crisis communication, investor relations, environmental issues and marketing communications ... experienced at orchestrating effective campaigns, which motivate the right behaviors.". Porter Novelli, third largest international PR company, somewhat more aggressive promises, that their marketing-based public relations "... penetrate the consumer psyche - where - your target audiences work, learn, play or shop, through everything they read, hear and see.". While Porter Novelli seems to be specialized in psychological warfare, Fleishman-Hillard highlights its know-how and experience in government relations programs. "We have handled some of the nation's most challenging public policy issues, including issues affecting the environment, from clean air to agricultural chemicals; aviation safety; regressive taxes; international trade; and human rights.". To handle those difficult tasks, Fleishman-Hillard maintains "... an effective, professional lobbying team that includes registered lobbyists recruited from the Senate and the House."

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Major U.S. Think Tanks: Cato Institute Founded in 1977, the institute is named for Cato's Letters, libertarian pamphlets that were widely read in the American Colonies since the early 18th century and played a major role in laying the philosophical foundation for the American Revolution. Cato is a public policy research foundation seeking to "broaden the parameters of public policy debate" to allow consideration of more options that are consistent with the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets and a special focus on deregulation issues. In recent years, the Cato Institute has become one of the most cited and quoted think tanks in the U.S. news media, while also becoming a key resource for Republican leaders. Catos board of directors not only includes John C. Malone - president and CEO of Tele-Communicaitons Inc. (TCI), the largest cable operator in the United States - but, since autumn 1997, also media titan Rupert Murdoch. Official Organizational Status: Independent Institute Political Orientation: U.S. Conservative/Libertarian Scope/Research Areas: Catos research areas include development studies, science and technology, economic issues, health and welfare, foreign relations and diplomacy. Priority issues are Social Security privatization, fundamental tax reform, limited constitutional government, free trade and term limits. Recent publications include: Kelley, David A.: Life of One's Own. Individual Rights and the Welfare State. (1998). Ferrara, P.J. and M. D. Tanner: A New Deal for Social Security. (1998). Funding Sources: 1998 Budget US$ 11 million. Corporate and private donations (especially from corporations and executives in the highly regulated industries of financial services, telecommunications and pharmaceuticals industries) and sales of publications.

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Table: Publishing Programs of Think Tanks Think Tank Periodicals Publication of Research Findings Brookings Institution (Washington D.C., US) Brookings Review, Brookings Papers on Economic Activities Recent titles include: Hess, Frederick M.: Spinning Wheels. The Politics of Urban School Reform. (1998). Haass, Richard N.: The Bureaucratic Entrepreneur. How to be Effective in Any Unruly Organization. (1998). Heritage Foundation (Washington D.C., US) Policy Review Publication of journals, newsletters, magazines, research reports, policy/issue briefs, video, CD-ROM, website. Recent publications include: Holmes, K. and J. J. Przystup: Between Diplomacy and Deterrence. Strategies for U.S. Relations with China. (1997). Holmes, K. and T. Moore (eds.): Restoring American Leadership. (1996). American Enterprise Institute (Washington D.C., US) The American Enterprise, Newsletter Types of publications are newsletters, magazines, monographs and books. Recent titles include: Income Inequality and IQ. (1998). Morrisey, Michael (ed.): Managed Care and Changing Health Care Markets. (1998). Cato Institute (Washington D.C., US) Regulation, Cato Journal, Policy Report Research findings are published in the form of: journals, newsletters, magazines, research reports, monographs and policy/issue briefs. Some recent publications include: Moore, Thomas: Gale Climate of Fear. Why We Shouldn't Worry About Global Warming. (1998). Carpenter, T. G. and B. Conry (eds.): NATO Enlargement. Illusions and Reality. (1998). RAND Corporation (Santa Monica, CA, US) RAND Research Review, RAND Journal of Economics Types of publications are journals, newsletters, magazines, research reports, working/discussion papers, monographs and policy/issue briefs. An important outlet is the RAND publication series. In 1997, RAND published 73 reports and papers in this series. Many RAND studies also appear as books from commercial publishing houses and university presses, and as articles in professional, scholarly, and technical journals. Institute of Economic Affairs (London, UK) Economic Affairs, Newsletter Research findings are published in the form of journals, newsletters, magazines, research reports, working/discussion papers and monographs. Some recent titles include: Regulation Utilities. Broadening the Debate . (1997). The Conservative Government's Economic Record. (1998). Adam Smith Institute (London, UK) ASI Bulletin Some recent publications are: Singapore versus Chile. Competing models for welfare reform. The Eastern Market. The Future of the Post-Communist Countries. Center for Policy Studies (London, UK) CPS Newsletter Types of publications are newsletters, magazines, research reports and policy/issue briefs. Recent titles include: Selbourne, David: One Year On. The "New Politics" of Labour. Eltis, Walter: Further Considerations on EMU. It will Create Instability and Destroy Employment.

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Salomon Smith Barney Investment banking firm and securities dealer. Founded in the 19th century in Philadelphia, in 1993 Smith Barney became a wholly owned subsidiary of Travelers Group Inc. The 1998 merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group brought together Citibank, Travelers, Salomon Smith Barney, Commercial Credit and Primerica under Citigroup's trademark red umbrella.

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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) TCP and IP are the two most important protocols and communication standards. TCP provides reliable message-transmission service; IP is the key protocol for specifying how packets are routed around the Internet. More detailed information can be found here http://www.anu.edu/people/Roger.Clarke/II/Pri...

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Atlantic Richfield Company American petroleum corporation created in 1966 by the merger of Richfield Oil Corporation and Atlantic Refining Company. A further merger in 1969 brought in Sinclair Oil Corporation. Atlantic Richfield has petroleum operations in all parts of the United States as well as in Indonesia, the North Sea, and the South China Sea. The company also owns and operates transportation facilities for liquid petroleum, including pipelines and tankers; produces and sells chemicals, coal, and metal products; and is involved in the development of solar energy products and in other energy-related activities. Headquarters are in Los Angeles.

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American Petroleum Institute Major national trade association representing petroleum industry efforts in exploration and production, transportation, refining, and marketing.

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Moral rights Authors of copyrighted works (besides economic rights) enjoy moral rights on the basis of which they have the right to claim their authorship and require that their names be indicated on the copies of the work and in connection with other uses thereof. Moral rights are generally inalienable and remain with the creator even after he has transferred his economic rights, although the author may waive their exercise.

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