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Examples of Mainly Corporate Funded Think Tanks: Brookings Institution

With a budget of US$ 23 million and assets worth US$ 192 million the

Brookings Institution, based in Washington D.C., in 1998 was funded by: Corporate and private donations (38 %), endowment (30 %), revenue from conferences and seminars (18 %), sales of publications (9 %), government support (2 %).

Among the 138 corporate donors are: Bell Atlantic,

Citibank,

J.P. Morgan,

Goldman Sachs,

NationsBank,

Exxon,

Chevron,

Microsoft, Hewlett Packard,

Toyota,

Pfizer,

Johnson & Johnson,

Dupont,

Mobil and Lockheed Martin, and the foundations of companies like

American Express,

Travelers,

AT&T and McDonnell Douglas. A few media conglomerates, like

Time Warner and the

Washington Post Co.. Contributions of individual donors include executives from

Visa,

Procter and Gamble,

BankAmerica and U.S. Airways.

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Immanuel Wallerstein

Immanuel Wallerstein (* 1930) is director of the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations. He is one of the most famous sociologists in the Western World. With his book The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (1976), which led to the expression World-System Theory about centers, peripheries and semi-peripheries in the capitalist world system, he did not only influence a whole generation of scientists, but this theory seems to get popular again, due to globalization.

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Mass production

The term mass production refers to the application of the principles of specialization,

division of labor, and standardization of parts to the manufacture of goods. The use of modern methods of mass production has brought such improvements in the cost, quality, quantity, and variety of goods available that the largest global population in history is now sustained at the highest general standard of living. A

moving conveyor belt installed in a Dearborn, Michigan, automobile plant in 1913 cut the time required to produce flywheel magnetos from 18 minutes to 5 and was the first instance of the use of modern integrated mass production techniques.

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