Introduction: The Substitution of Human Faculties with Technology: Computers and Robots

With the development of modern computing, starting in the 1940s, the substitution of human abilities with technology obtained a new dimension. The focus shifted from the replacement of pure physical power to the substitution of mental faculties. Following the early 1980s personal computers started to attain widespread use in offices and quickly became indispensable tools for office workers. The development of powerful computers combined with progresses in artificial intelligence research also led to the construction of sophisticated robots, which enabled a further rationalization of manufacturing processes.

TEXTBLOCK 1/1 // URL: http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611663/100438659302
 
Server

A server is program, not a computer, as it sometimes said, dedicated to store files, manage printers and network traffic, or process database queries.

Web sites, the nodes of the World Wide Web (WWW), e.g., are stored on servers.

INDEXCARD, 1/3
 
Wide Area Network (WAN)

A Wide Area Network is a wide area proprietary network or a network of local area networks. Usually consisting of computers, it may consist of cellular phones, too.

INDEXCARD, 2/3
 
National Science Foundation (NSF)

Established in 1950, the National Science Foundation is an independent agency of the U.S. government dedicated to the funding in basic research and education in a wide range of sciences and in mathematics and engineering. Today, the NSF supplies about one quarter of total federal support of basic scientific research at academic institutions.

http://www.nsf.gov

For more detailed information see the Encyclopaedia Britannica: http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,2450+1+2440,00.html

http://www.nsf.gov/
INDEXCARD, 3/3