The Theory of the Celestro-Centric World In 1870 the U.S.-American C.R.Teed, inspired by the lecture of the bible and elder believers (like Edmund Halley in 1692), developed a new model of the world. In Germany the idea was published by Karl Neupert. In the 1930s the theory got famous, when it was published as the new world-vision. Though the theories differed slightly, all authors imagined the world as a ball, where human beings live inside. In the middle are the moon and the sun - and also God, sitting in the center. for further details see: http://www.angelfire.com/il/geocosmos/ http://home.t-online.de/home/Werner_Lang Those who believe in it, call it the truth, those who simply like the idea, may call it a parallel science. Others call it disinformation, asking for the reasons to spread it. The turning to the inside, where there is no way out, produces a different reality. It shows that realities are always produced. Political conservatives and racists like Hitler were fascinated by the idea and tried to present it as a new truth, a new reality, which was possible to make ideological use of.

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Chappe's fixed optical network Claude Chappe built a fixed optical network between Paris and Lille. Covering a distance of about 240kms, it consisted of fifteen towers with semaphores. Because this communication system was destined to practical military use, the transmitted messages were encoded. The messages were kept such secretly, even those who transmit them from tower to tower did not capture their meaning, they just transmitted codes they did not understand. Depending on weather conditions, messages could be sent at a speed of 2880 kms/hr at best. Forerunners of Chappe's optical network are the Roman smoke signals network and Aeneas Tacitus' optical communication system. For more information on early communication networks see Gerard J. Holzmann and Bjoern Pehrson, The Early History of Data Networks.

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