Besides oral conversations and written language many other ways of information-transport are known: like the bush telegraph, drums, smoke signals etc. Those methods are not cryptography, still they need en- and decoding, which means that the history of language, the history of communication and the history of cryptography are closely connected to each other
The timeline gives an insight into the endless fight between enciphering and deciphering. The reasons for them can be found in public and private issues at the same time, though mostly connected to military maneuvers and/or political tasks.
One of the most important researchers on Cryptography through the centuries is
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Media systems (especially broadcasting) can be classified in two different types:
Public Media Systems: Government control over broadcasting through ownership, regulation, and partial funding of public broadcasting services.
Private Media System: Ownership and control lies in the hands of private companies and shareholders.
Both systems can exist in various forms, according to the degree of control by governments and private companies, with mixed systems (public and private) as the third main kind.
Whereas public media systems are usually at least partially funded by governments, private broadcasting solely relies on advertising revenue. Still also public media systems cannot exclude advertising as a source of revenue. Therefore both types are to a certain degree dependent on money coming in by advertisers.
And this implies consequences on the content provided by the media. As the attraction of advertisers becomes critically important, interests of the advertising industry frequently play a dominant role concerning the structure of content and the creation of environments favorable for advertising goods and services within the media becomes more and more common.
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Alfred W. Erickson founded the advertising agency McCann Erickson in 1902. In1913 McCann opened a San Francisco office and a Detroit office that moved to Cleveland in 1915. With operations in 127 countries, McCann reaches across the globe and continues to expand its capabilities through start-up units and acquisitions. McCann has recently added creative resources in the local, pan-regional and global arenas and also extended its expertise in specialized marketing categories, such as business-to-business and high-tech communications.
The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), headquartered in New York City, is one of the world's largest professional organizations for public relations practitioners. The Society's almost 20,000 members represent business and industry, counselling firms, government, associations, hospitals, schools, professional services firms and non-profit organizations. Since it was chartered in 1948, PRSA has continued to provide a forum for addressing issues affecting the profession, and tried to promote professional standards. It offers opportunities for improvement of skills and advancement of knowledge, as well as for exchange of information and experiences with other public relations professionals.